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New frontiers in prostate cancer treatment with Actinium-225
Prostate cancer is one of the most widespread malignant tumors in men. The pathology is successfully
treated in the first three stages, when the tumor can be removed or destroyed by radiation, but the disease at the metastatic stage becomes incurable. Surgery is usually not performed in such patients, and the main methods of treatment are hormonal and chemotherapy.
At a certain point this treatment stops working. 177Lu-PSMA-617 – Lutetium radiotargeted therapy,
becomes the next stage of treatment. A less common method of radiotargeted therapy is the treatment of prostate cancer with Actinium-225. It allows for a good outcome even in patients who have not responded to Lutetium therapy. In addition, the possibility of combined use of Actinium and Lutetium as part of tandem therapy is being investigated.
Principle of the method
Prostate cancer cells express a protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is not found in other tissues. PSMA is a target for the radiopharmaceutical. Once injected into the body, the drug accumulates only in tissues with high levels of PSMA because it binds to this protein. This results in a selective effect on the tumor and its metastases with minimal side effects.
Various radionuclides can be attached to ligands that target PSMA. The first such radionuclide was
Lutetium-177, which was synthesized in Germany in 2010, and its efficacy was first confirmed in trials in 2015. The good results were subsequently confirmed in a large study involving 13 university hospitals in Germany.
In recent years, Actinium-225 has been used instead of Lutetium. It destroys cancer cells with alpha
radiation.
Advantages and disadvantages of Actinium-225
Lutetium-177 is still considered the mainstay of radiotargeted therapy for castration-resistant prostate
cancer. However, Actinium is also used in certain situations, usually in patients with advanced cancer who have not responded to Lutetium treatment or when the efficacy of 177Lu-PSMA-617 has decreased after several courses (cancer progression has resumed).
Advantages of Actinium-225 over Lutetium-177:
● More pronounced effect due to alpha radiation causing double-strand breaks in DNA strands
● Less toxic effect on bone marrow and hematopoietic function due to shorter recovery time
● Works even in cases where the cancer is progressing against the background of Lutetium therapy
However, it is worth considering the disadvantages of this method:
● Limited evidence base compared to Lutetium
● Higher incidence of side effects, especially dry mouth
Who is a candidate for Actinium therapy
Radiotargeted therapy with Actinium is considered a novel treatment. The technique is indicated for
patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) who:
● Have received Lutetium radiotargeted therapy but have not responded to it
● Have responded to Lutetium radiotargeted therapy, but have stopped responding after several
courses of treatment
● As part of tandem therapy: when Actinium and Lutetium are used in reduced doses
In summary, Actinium therapy is one of the last treatment options. It is used when chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotargeted therapy with Lutetium, and possibly targeted therapy (in the case of BRCA mutations, which occur in 28% of patients with metastatic prostate cancer) have already been tried. In addition, the choice of treatment tactics takes into account the location of the metastases. In the presence of predominantly bone metastases and pain syndrome, radionuclide therapy with Radium-223 is preferred, and in the presence of predominantly organ metastases, radiotargeted therapy with Lutetium or Actinium is performed.
If you want to undergo innovative treatment in Germany, visit Booking Health website. Our team will find a clinic for you and organize your trip.
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Cryptocurrency and Online Casinos and What’s Next for Bitcoin and Ethereum Payments: Overview From Specialists at Rabona Betting
Cryptocurrencies are becoming more common in everyday transactions. You can purchase things via digital currency on different sites and the system automatically exchanges it into the fiat currency like CAD.
This payment method is also popular at online casinos because of fast transactions, specifically, withdrawals. You can deposit money and place a bet on Napoli FC Rabona Canada, play various games, and then withdraw winnings the way you deposited funds. This article explores this interesting opportunity and what may come in the future.
Why Casinos Use Cryptocurrency
Online casinos like Rabona betting use cryptocurrency because it transfers funds faster than traditional payment systems. Bitcoin and Ethereum transactions don’t rely on banks, so transfers complete within minutes.
Players from countries with financial regulations use crypto wallets to send or receive funds without card rejections or blocked transfers. Casinos also cut costs since they don’t pay high processing fees to banks or card companies.
Crypto systems record each transaction on a blockchain ledger, so every move of money is visible and cannot be changed. That reduces disputes over withdrawals and deposits since each transaction’s info is available in public records.
Casinos that accept Bitcoin or Ethereum attract a wide range of players who prefer anonymity. Traditional payment systems require full identity checks, while crypto transfers use wallet addresses.
Players still need to pass KYC checks under legal standards, but crypto wallets give more privacy since they don’t require your bank data.
How Bitcoin and Ethereum Shape Casino Payments
Bitcoin is the top choice for online gamblers because most payment systems already integrate it easily. It allows deposits and withdrawals in similar amounts to bank transfers.
Sites like Rabona betting often provide it for high-volume transactions because cryptocurrency networks handle large sums safely and quickly. Digital currencies stands out because they allow smart contracts.
These contracts handle payouts automatically when a condition is met. For example, a casino game that uses an Ethereum contract can send a payout as soon as a winning combination appears, without manual approval.
Players deposit money and the casino automatically exchanges it to CAD. Thus, users can play bets in a currency they’re used to, and withdraw via the same crypto system that converts CAD to BTC, ETH, etc.
What’s Next for Bitcoin and Ethereum in Gambling
Future development aims to increase transaction speed and reduce fees. Bitcoin developers work on the Lightning Network, which processes microtransactions instantly through off-chain channels. That system suits online casinos since it handles many small bets quickly.
Ethereum’s developers improve scalability through updates that raise network capacity and lower gas costs. That’s one of the reasons why Ethereum switched from PoW to PoS.
Conclusion
Casinos like Rabona betting and others keep expanding payments to include more currencies like Solana, Cardano, Avalanche, or stablecoins like USDC, EURC, EURQ, and more. Most cryptocurrencies process transactions faster and provide some sort of anonymity, so players will continue using them at online casinos.
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Alberta takes a step towards iGaming legislation
Alberta is moving closer to joining the growing list of Canadian provinces embracing regulated online gambling. The province’s proposed Bill 48, known as the Alberta iGaming Act, has cleared its second reading in the Legislative Assembly, marking a significant milestone toward establishing a competitive, open iGaming market. For many observers, this signals that Alberta could soon follow in Ontario’s footsteps, paving the way for private operators to enter what’s currently a government-run landscape.
At the heart of the bill is the creation of the Alberta iGaming Corporation, an independent body that would oversee licensing, compliance, and responsible gaming initiatives. Its responsibilities would include setting technical standards, enforcing fair play through random number generator integrity checks, and ensuring operators meet anti-money laundering requirements. A board of seven directors, appointed by the Minister of Service Alberta and Red Tape Reduction, would guide the new regulator’s operations.
Support for the bill appears solid, with the United Conservative Party holding a majority in the legislature. The expectation is that once it passes through committee review and any amendments are finalized, the province will begin building the framework for its digital gaming market. Industry watchers are already predicting that the new system could roll out by mid-2026, with the first operators going live soon after.
The model Alberta is chasing looks a lot like Ontario’s, which launched its open iGaming market in 2022 and now records over a billion dollars in monthly wagers. Alberta’s approach aims to balance opportunity and oversight, letting gaming operators compete alongside the government’s Play Alberta platform. This move is expected to boost competition, variety, and consumer protection all at once, and could significantly contribute to the local economy. It just makes sense that any Canadian online casino targeting this North American market would welcome the news, as Alberta represents a massive untapped audience eager for safe and modern gaming options.
Consumer safeguards are a core part of Bill 48’s design. A centralized self-exclusion system would allow players to opt out of all licensed platforms through a single registration. There will also be mandatory age verification, betting limits, and spending alerts to promote responsible play. Revenues from the new market are expected to fund social programs and gambling treatment initiatives, ensuring that the benefits extend beyond the casino floor.
A big part of the motivation behind Bill 48 is to steer players away from unregulated offshore sites. Right now, thousands of Albertans gamble online through platforms that operate outside Canadian jurisdiction, offering little in the way of player protection or accountability. A legal, competitive market within Alberta would not only keep those dollars at home but also attract marketing investment and innovation from major operators.
If all goes as planned, Alberta’s iGaming Corporation could begin issuing licenses by next year, setting the stage for a 2026 launch. The province’s measured approach shows a clear preference for getting the framework right rather than rushing it through. For local players and the gaming industry alike, Alberta’s next chapter in digital entertainment is starting to take shape, and it looks like a winning hand.
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