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International

White smoke vs. black smoke: How do we know when we have a new pope?

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7 minute read

From LifeSiteNews

By Michael Haynes, Snr. Vatican Correspondent

Though no formal schedule has been released yet, it is expected that the smoke on Wednesday night could appear between 7 and 8 p.m. Rome time (11 a.m. and 12 noon MST)

How does voting work in a conclave, and when can we expect to see the black or white smoke?

LifeSite’s explainer is here to answer your questions.

Votive Mass and procession into the Sistine Chapel

Wednesday, the first day of the conclave, sees all the cardinal electors gather in St. Peter’s Basilica, where they celebrate the special votive Mass for the election of a pope. The Mass takes place at 10 a.m.

After this, the cardinal electors will next present themselves to the Pauline chapel on the first floor of the Apostolic Palace in the afternoon, at 4:30 p.m. Here they listen to an exhortative homily intended to offer spiritual wisdom for the weighty duty they face. From here they make the famous procession into the Sistine Chapel, where they shall swear their oaths for the conclave itself.

It is at this point that the televised production will stop, after the Master of Ceremonies orders all the non-electors out of the room with his famous command “Extra omnes.”

First vote Wednesday

That afternoon sees the first vote take place. This is widely understood to be an event to take stock of who has early support, but also for some cardinals to pay respect to some honored member of the conclave by voting for them, even though they are not expected to actually be elected pope.

Each cardinal must walk up to the altar in the Sistine Chapel and place his written ballot paper in a container for it to be counted.

According to Pope John Paul II’s 1996 apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (UDG), the men who count and check the ballots are themselves chosen by lot. If they find discrepancies in the number of ballots in a vote, then they burn all of the papers before officially nullifying the vote.

The ballots of every vote are burned and mixed with a special chemical to produce the famous black smoke so eagerly watched for in St. Peter’s Square. UDG sections 64 through 71 contain precise details about how the votes proceed.

The smoke used to be from the burning of ballot papers, but in recent times a chemical has been used to ensure the correct color is clearly visible to those waiting in the square outside. The ballots and smoke are burned in the temporary stove installed in a corner of the Sistine Chapel.

Thursday voting

The second day sees the start of voting in earnest. There are two sessions – morning and afternoon – each with two votes, meaning a total of four votes per day according to the laws governing the conclave.

However – only at the end of each of the two sessions will there be a smoke signal. That is of course only if a cardinal is not elected on one of the ballots during the day.

The ballot counters read aloud each name on the ballot papers, and tallies are created to record the votes each cardinal receives.

The morning session is anticipated to end some time around noon local time. Cardinals then return to the Casa Santa Martha for lunch, and resume voting around 4 p.m. The evening smoke signal is due around 7 – 8 p.m., unless a pope is elected in the afternoon’s first round of voting.

Pope elected

Upon a candidate receiving two-thirds of the vote, he is asked formally if he accepts the election as Supreme Pontiff.

If the man accepts, he is then asked what name he will take as pope. When he reveals this, the Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies swiftly writes a document detailing the new pope’s acceptance and his name.

Providing the candidate is already a bishop – which almost all the members of the College of Cardinals are – the candidate becomes the validly elected pope as soon as he pronounces his formal acceptance of the election.

The ballots are collected, mixed with the chemical for white powder, and burned so that those in St. Peter’s Square see the famous white smoke from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel.

The cardinals greet the new pope in the Chapel and make their individual acts of “homage and obedience,” before all collectively making a prayer of thanksgiving.

The newly elected pope is taken into the sacristy next to the Sistine Chapel, where he changes into one of the white cassocks already prepared for him. This small room is known as the “room of tears” due to the tears shed by the newly name pontiff as he reflects on the enormity of the task now before him.

Once he is ready, the formal announcement to the world is made, with the senior cardinal deacon stepping onto the loggia of the Vatican to pronounce the famous words: “Annuncio vobis gaudium magnum: habemus papam.”

A short time later, the newly elected pope will emerge onto the loggia and greet the crowds who have flocked to the square beneath him, offering his first blessing as pontiff.

International

Trump-brokered Gaza peace agreement enters first phase

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Quick Hit:

The Trump-brokered Gaza ceasefire officially took effect Friday, with the Israel Defense Forces confirming they’ve withdrawn troops to the agreed boundary. During this first phase, Israel will release 11 Hamas prisoners while Hamas has 72 hours to hand over all remaining hostages, living or dead.

Key Details:

  • The IDF announced Friday that troops have redeployed to the “yellow line” agreed upon in the Trump-brokered deal, confirming that the ceasefire began at 12:00 p.m. local time.
  • Gaza residents have been allowed to travel north on the Rashid coastal road and Salah a-Din highway, though the IDF warned civilians not to approach Israeli positions or the border buffer zone.
  • Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu credited President Trump and his team for their “exceptional assistance,” saying their combined diplomatic and military efforts “isolated Hamas” and made the ceasefire possible.

Diving Deeper:

The Israel Defense Forces announced Friday that a Trump-brokered ceasefire in Gaza has officially taken effect, marking a critical moment in the conflict. The truce, which began at noon local time, follows an agreement under which Israel agreed to withdraw its forces to an initial line of control in exchange for the release of hostages and prisoners.

According to the IDF, troops have now repositioned along the designated “yellow line,” signaling full compliance with the first phase of the agreement. The ceasefire permits the movement of Gaza residents toward the northern part of the Strip via two key routes — the Rashid coastal road and the Salah a-Din highway. However, the military cautioned that specific security zones remain off-limits.

“According to the agreement, IDF troops will remain deployed in specific areas of the Gaza Strip,” IDF spokesman Col. Avichay Adraee said. “Do not approach IDF troops in the area until further notice. Approaching the forces exposes you to danger… It is forbidden to approach Israeli territory and the buffer zone. Approaching the buffer zone is extremely dangerous.”

The IDF also issued public warnings against swimming or fishing in the Mediterranean in the coming days, citing potential hazards. Meanwhile, The Times of Israel reported that Gazans began returning north immediately after the ceasefire was confirmed.

Under the terms of the first phase of the agreement, Israel will release 11 Hamas prisoners, while Hamas has 72 hours — until midday Monday — to deliver all remaining hostages, whether alive or deceased. The deal, brokered by President Donald Trump, has been hailed as a breakthrough in restoring regional calm after years of fighting.

Speaking at a cabinet meeting ahead of the truce, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the ceasefire represented “a decisive development.” He praised President Trump’s leadership and his administration’s role in finalizing the deal.

“We are in the midst of a decisive development… and we are about to do it,” Netanyahu said. “We could not have reached this without the exceptional assistance of President Trump and his team. These efforts, along with the courage of our soldiers who entered Gaza, have created combined military and diplomatic pressure that has isolated Hamas. I believe this has brought us to this point.”

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Crime

Florida teens credited for averting school shooting plot in Washington state

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From The Center Square

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Two teenage boys in Florida are being called heroes for their response to a five-second TikTok video last month that may well have averted disaster all the way across the country.

The video, which has since been taken down, reportedly showed plans for a mass school shooting at Kamiakin High School in Kennewick, Wash.

“The contents of the TikTok were a map of a high school, and it had classrooms that were identified and labeled as targets,” said Kennewick School Board member Brittany Gledhill in a Thursday interview with The Center Square. “It had other classrooms that were labeled as potential targets. It had labeled exits, and it had the security department of the school listed as a potential threat.”

The map in the video did not indicate the location or name of the school.

“But this young man who lives in Florida decided to show it to a brother, and then together they decided that they needed to tell the authorities,” Gledhill said.

She explained that local authorities in Florida contacted the FBI, and within hours, the investigation was underway to determine the TikTok poster’s location.

That was September 19, a Friday.

“We got involved on Sunday, so that we were able to sweep the campus and provide a secure and safe environment for our students and staff, and that was in conjunction with KPD, or Kennewick police department,” said Kennewick School District Superintendent Lance Hansen.

At that point, the suspect, a 14-year-old Kamiakin High School freshman, was already in custody.

According to the Tri-City Herald, the FBI was able to match the layout and room numbers shown in the TikTok video to Kamiakin High School, and at that point, the FBI contacted the internet provider about the IP address linked to the account.

Officials were able to narrow down the location to a few dozen potential residences in Kennewick, and according to the Herald, law enforcement further narrowed the list based on the times the TikTok account was active.

The address was further narrowed to the boy’s home, where he reportedly lived with his grandparents, and more than two dozen firearms were located.

Hansen told The Center Square that officials believe the young man was most likely to carry out his plan had the boys in Florida not done the right thing.

“It was smart and courageous at the same time, and I think that they can be an example or model for others who may see something and think it’s not a big deal. Just the thought that they would recognize this isn’t right and have the courage to speak up … that’s really where I believe the story is,” Hansen said.

Gledhill said the school board, administration and staff members from Kamiakin High School are putting together a gift basket and thank-you notes for the boys in Florida who reported the TikTok post to authorities.

“We averted a terrible tragedy because of these two young men,” she said. “This is my home high school, and I have two of my own children [who] go to that school.”

Hansen said the school community is still reeling from what could have happened, but is also trying to find a lesson in it.

“In times where information can flow so quickly and there’s some level of anonymity that is created in ways that we communicate, like with social media, it sometimes creates some boldness in youth, which I think is a false positive,” he said. “I mean, there are benefits to the way that we communicate, and there [are] some unintended consequences of that. Having said that, as I reminded our parents, every person who’s on a campus is responsible for the safety of the campus. That’s students, staff, whoever is there. So that model … needs to be applied for everything.”

Given that the accused is 14, he is being charged as a juvenile. Assuming he pleads guilty or is convicted, he could only be confined until he turns 21.

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