Business
Law prohibiting replacement workers will worsen Canadian services, says MEI

From the Montreal Economic Institute
Without replacement workers, CPKC and CN strike could impact commuter rail in large Canadian cities.
Ottawa’s proposed ban on the use of temporary replacement workers during work stoppages will significantly disrupt vital services, asserts the Montreal Economic Institute in a study released this morning.
“Banning the use of replacement workers for federally regulated industries will enable small groups of unionized employees to stop key transportation infrastructure from working,” explains Gabriel Giguère, public policy analyst at the MEI and author of the study. “Our trains, airports, and seaports could effectively be at risk of shutting down whenever a union needs to settle a wage dispute.”
On May 27, the House of Commons adopted Bill C-58, which will prohibit the use of temporary replacement workers during labour disputes between employees and employers in federally regulated sectors once it takes effect, 12 months after receiving royal assent.
Unionized workers will continue to be able to seek temporary employment elsewhere, whereas federally regulated employers will be unable to continue operations, which would impact the entire Canadian economy.
This announcement comes just as unionized employees of Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited (CPKC) and Canadian National (CN) prepare to strike simultaneously.
The adoption of Bill C-58 ensures that work stoppages in sectors including banking, telecommunications, and rail and air travel will be even more detrimental to the Canadian economy than under the current regulatory framework.
Quebec and British Columbia have similar laws in place provincially, and these tend to make work stoppages longer and more frequent there than in provinces without such legislation.
In the context of upcoming rail strikes, the banning of replacement workers means that thousands of Canadians who use commuter rail to get to work would be stranded or would add to road congestion.
The researcher gives the example of CPKC’s 80 Calgary-based rail traffic controllers which, if they go on strike after the law goes into effect, would prevent commuter rail traffic on a number of important transit lines.
“Trains can’t move on a railroad unless you have rail traffic controllers, and a number of key transit lines use CPKC’s infrastructure,” explains Giguère. “In the absence of replacement workers, any strike action on their part could shut down TransLink’s West Coast Express, GO Transit’s Milton Line, and Exo’s Candiac, Saint-Jérôme, and Vaudreuil/Hudson lines.
“That’s a whole lot of power to put in the hands of 80 or so unionized staff.”
The MEI study is available here.
* * *
The MEI is an independent public policy think tank with offices in Montreal and Calgary. Through its publications, media appearances, and advisory services to policy-makers, the MEI stimulates public policy debate and reforms based on sound economics and entrepreneurship.
Business
Welcome to Elon Musk’s New Company Town: ‘Starbase, TX’ Votes To Incorporate

From the Daily Caller News Foundation
By
Voters in Cameron County, Texas, overwhelmingly approved Saturday a measure to incorporate Elon Musk’s rocket complex near Brownsville as a new municipality called Starbase.
Unofficial results posted Saturday night showed 98% of the 177 ballots cast supported the creation of the town, which includes SpaceX facilities and housing tied to the company, according to The Wall Street Journal. Only residents living within the proposed town’s boundaries were eligible to vote, most of whom work for or are affiliated with SpaceX.
Once county commissioners certify the election, Starbase will begin operating as an official municipality under Texas law, which marks the launch of a rare company-run town where most residents are tied to SpaceX. The new town will oversee zoning, budgeting, and staffing while adhering to state transparency rules such as open meetings and public records requirements.
SpaceX has said little publicly about its plans, but company officials previously suggested the town could help streamline operations and support workforce growth. SpaceX vice president Bobby Peden was elected mayor of the new town and legal experts noted that state law includes conflict-of-interest rules for public officials employed by private firms operating within the municipality.
Local officials have expressed support for the company due to the thousands of jobs and tourism revenue generated by Starbase since SpaceX employs roughly 3,400 workers and contractors at Starbase. However, some residents and environmental groups remain concerned about increased rocket activity, limited beach access, and the town’s close ties to the company that created it.
The Starbase site has become central to Musk’s vision of human spaceflight, particularly SpaceX’s development of Starship, a nearly 400-foot rocket designed for missions to the moon and Mars. Though early test flights have ended in explosions, recent missions have demonstrated partial recovery capabilities and Musk described the area as a “Gateway to Mars.”
Musk will not hold a formal political role in Starbase, but the town is his brainchild, and since announcing the idea in 2021, he has urged employees to move there and expanded his personal and corporate presence in Texas. He relocated his primary residence and key businesses to the state and now lives in a $35 million compound in Austin.
Business
Who owns Canada’s public debt?

David Clinton
Remember when thinking about our debt crisis was just scary?
During his recent election campaign, Mark Carney announced plans to add $225 billion (with a “b”) to federal debt over the next four years. That, to put it mildly, is a consequential number. I thought it would be useful to put it into context, both in terms of our existing debt, and of some social and political changes those plans could spark.
How much money does Canada currently owe? According to Statistics Canada’s statement of government operations and balance sheet, as of Q4 2024, that number would be nearly $954 billion. That’s compared with the $621 billion we owed back in 2015.
The Audit is a reader-supported publication.
To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.
How much does interest on our current debt cost us each year? The official Budget 2024 document predicted that we’d pay around $51 billion each year to just service our debt. But that’s before piling on the new $225 billion.
We – and the governments we elect – might be tempted to imagine that the cash behind public loans just magically appears out of thin air. In fact, most Canadian government debt is financed through debt securities such as marketable bonds, treasury bills, and foreign currency debt instruments. And those bonds and bills are owned by buyers.
Who are those buyers? Many of them are probably Canadian banks and other financial institutions. But as of February 2025, according to Statistics Canada, it was international portfolio investors who owned $527 billion of Canadian federal government debt securities.
Most of those foreign investors are probably from (relatively) friendly countries like the U.S. and U.K. But that’s certainly not the whole story. Although I couldn’t find direct data breaking down the details, there are some broadly related investment income numbers that might be helpful.
Specifically, all foreign investments into both public and private entities in Canada in 2024 amounted to $219 billion dollars. In that same year, investments from “all other countries” totaled $51 billion. What Statistics Canada means by “all other countries” covers all countries besides the US, UK, EU, Japan, and the 38 OECD nations.
The elephant in the “all other countries” room has to be China.
So let’s break this down. The $527 billion foreign-owned investment debt I mentioned earlier represents around 55 percent of our total debt.¹ And if the “all other countries” ratio in general foreign investments holds true² for federal public debt, then it’s realistic to assume that the federal government currently owes around 11 percent of its debt to government and business entities associated with the Chinese Communist Party.
By all accounts, an 11 percent share in a government’s debt counts as leverage. Given China’s recent history, our ability to act independently in international and even domestic affairs could be compromised. But it could also be destabilizing, exposing us to risk if China’s economy faces turmoil which could disrupt our ability to roll over debt or secure new financing.
Mark Carney’s plan to add another 20 percent to our debt over the next four years will only increase our exposure to these – and many more – risks. Canadian voters have made an interesting choice.
“Democracy is the theory that the common people know what they want, and deserve to get it good and hard.” – H.L. Mencken
The Audit is a reader-supported publication.
To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.
-
2025 Federal Election2 days ago
Mark Carney vows to ‘deepen’ Canada’s ties with the world, usher in ‘new economy’
-
Business2 days ago
Carney poised to dethrone Trudeau as biggest spender in Canadian history
-
Alberta2 days ago
Pierre Poilievre will run to represent Camrose, Stettler, Hanna, and Drumheller in Central Alberta by-election
-
Crime2 days ago
Mexican Cartels smuggling crude oil in Texas, Southwest border
-
Economy2 days ago
US strategy to broker peace in Congo and Rwanda – backed by rare earth minerals deal
-
International17 hours ago
United Nations on brink of financial collapse
-
Crime16 hours ago
Operation Take Back America Strikes Chinese Money Launderers in Charlotte Cartel Case
-
Health2 days ago
RFK Jr. orders placebo safety trials for all new vaccines in major policy decision