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Energy

CANADA – U.S TRADE – A Deeper Dive on the Tos and Fros

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7 minute read

From EnergyNow.ca

By William Lacey

The biggest lesson from all this is that Canada must find a way to diversify its trade, especially when it comes to energy. We need to build more pipelines, we need to diversify our customer base

I cannot help myself. At my heart, I am a self professed nerd when it comes to data. With all of the headlines in Canada regarding the potential of 25% tariffs being levied on Canadian exports starting on February 1st, I wanted to understand for myself what the data actually looks like. Note that I only looked at 2023 as the information was readily available, it is reasonably clean (i.e. no significant COVID hangover) and the 2024 data won’t likely be available for a while.

Canada and the United States are significant trade partners. In 2023 Canada exported US$438 billion to the United States while the United States exported US$353 billion to Canada, resulting in Canada having a trade surplus with the United States of US$85 Billion and thus the (uninformed) consternation when it comes to current talk south of the border.

United Nations COMTRADE database

Looking at the top exports from Canada, I drew an arbitrary line at the top 20 exports. This was not to say that businesses that do less than this are any less important, rather I just wanted to make a chart that was actually readable. As one would expect, energy and auto lead the way, accounting for 43% of all of our exports to the United States in 2023.

 

United Nations COMTRADE database

However, as with all countries, we also import a tremendous amount as well. Why? Because in simplified terms it is good to focus on that which you do best, and have in abundance, and leave other aspects to other countries that are good at other things. As such, automotive as well as machinery, nuclear reactors and boilers account for 31% of the trade flow going north into Canada in 2023.

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United Nations COMTRADE database

When dealing with the border, it is important to remember that goods flow both ways, and the curious part as it pertains to oil is that despite Canada being awash in black gold, eastern Canadian refineries cannot access crude from the west, so Canada needs to export it to the US and re-import it to Canada. Weird. If only we had a pipeline that could do this…

I think it is also useful to look at the net balances, by category, to better understand the tos and fros of trade. Similar to previous charts, I made an arbitrary cut off line, this time at net exports exceeding US$1 billion in 2023. No real surprises here as energy dominates the landscape as Canada is a significant producer of oil and gas, and produces far more than it can consume internally and accounts for 76% of Canadian net exports to the United States.

United Nations COMTRADE database

In terms of net imports, the picture is more balanced, with the top two categories being machinery, nuclear, boilers and electrical, electronic equipment accounting for a significant portion of Canadian net imports (37%) from the United States.

United Nations COMTRADE database

Moreover, if you look at the breakdown of many of the components, and yes I am generalizing a bit, you will see that a lot of what we export are raw materials / base inputs, while what we import are value added finished products. As I have said many times, Canada is the proverbial resource bread basket that the rest of the world would crave to call its own.

If you exclude energy (mineral fuels, oils, distillation products) from the above analysis, you actually return to a more balanced trade picture between the two countries, and Canada actually is a small ($15 billion) net importer from the United States. Why do I think that is a fair way to look at things? The United States is a significant consumer of Canadian energy, and heavy oil in particular is something that Canada produces a lot of and is consumed by the complex refineries located in Minnesota, Indiana and in the U.S. Gulf Coast. If you want to learn more about this, I strongly encourage you to follow Rory Johnston as he does some brilliant deep dive analysis on this sort of topic and others.

At the end of the day, if the Trump administration really is about “fairness” in trade, we need calmer minds to prevail on this topic, as the data shows that the trade relationship is fair, and Canada is a valued (and economical) trade partner. I have my own suspicions that this issue extends beyond trade deficits and even beyond the issues he has also cited of illegal immigration and flows of fentanyl, and could even be as simple as “I am doing this, because I can, and I will do whatever I can to benefit my country.” Is this rational and fair? No.

The biggest lesson from all this is that Canada must find a way to diversify its trade, especially when it comes to energy. Canada’s need to build more pipelines, needs to diversify it’s customer base, and needs to start acting like a country that is looking out everyone, not just it’s own self interest.

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Alberta

Alberta is investing up to $50 million into new technologies to help reduce oil sands mine water

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Technology transforming tailings ponds

Alberta’s oil sands produce some of the most responsible energy in the world and have drastically reduced the amount of fresh water used per barrel. Yet, for decades, operators have been forced to store most of the water they use on site, leading to billions of litres now contained largely in tailings ponds.

Alberta is investing $50 million from the industry-funded TIER system to help develop new and improved technologies that make cleaning up oil sands mine water safer and more effective. Led by Emissions Reduction Alberta, the new Tailings Technology Challenge will help speed up work to safely reclaim the water in oil sands tailing ponds and eventually return the land for use by future generations.

“Alberta’s government is taking action by funding technologies that make treating oil sands water faster, effective and affordable. We look forward to seeing the innovative solutions that come out of this funding challenge, and once again demonstrate Alberta’s global reputation for sustainable energy development and environmental stewardship.”

Rebecca Schulz, Minister of Environment and Protected Areas

“Tailings and mine water management remain among the most significant challenges facing Alberta’s energy sector. Through this challenge, we’re demonstrating our commitment to funding solutions that make water treatment and tailings remediation more affordable, scalable and effective.”

Justin Riemer, CEO, Emissions Reduction Alberta

As in other mines, the oil sands processing creates leftover water called tailings that need to be properly managed. Recently, Alberta’s Oil Sands Mine Water Steering Committee brought together industry, academics and Indigenous leaders to identify the best path forward to safely address mine water and reclaim land.

This new funding competition will support both new and improved technologies to help oil sands companies minimize freshwater use, promote responsible ways to manage mine water and reclaim mine sites. Using technology for better on-site treatment will help improve safety, reduce future clean up costs and environmental risks, and speed up the process of safely addressing mine water and restoring sites so they are ready for future use.

“Innovation has always played an instrumental role in the oil sands and continues to be an area of focus. Oil sands companies are collaborating and investing to advance environmental technologies, including many focused on mine water and tailings management. We’re excited to see this initiative, as announced today, seeking to explore technology development in an area that’s important to all Albertans.”

Kendall Dilling, president, Pathways Alliance 

Quick facts

  • All mines produce tailings. In the oil sands, tailings describe a mixture of water, sand, clay and residual bitumen that are the byproduct of the oil extraction process.
  • From 2013 to 2023, oil sands mine operations reduced the amount of fresh water used per barrel by 28 per cent. Recycled water use increased by 51 per cent over that same period.
  • The Tailings Technology Challenge is open to oil sands operators and technology providers until Sept. 24.
  • The Tailings Technology Challenge will invest in scale-up, pilot, demonstration and first-of-kind commercial technologies and solutions to reduce and manage fluid tailings and the treatment of oil sands mine water.
  • Eligible technologies include both engineered and natural solutions that treat tailings to improve water quality and mine process water.
  • Successful applicants can receive up to $15 million per project, with a minimum funding request of $1 million.
  • Oil sands operators are responsible for site management and reclamation, while ongoing research continues to inform and refine best practices to support effective policy and regulatory outcomes.

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conflict

Middle East clash sends oil prices soaring

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This article supplied by Troy Media.

Troy Media By Rashid Husain Syed

The Israel-Iran conflict just flipped the script on falling oil prices, pushing them up fast, and that spike could hit your wallet at the pump

Oil prices are no longer being driven by supply and demand. The sudden escalation of military conflict between Israel and Iran has shattered market stability, reversing earlier forecasts and injecting dangerous uncertainty into the global energy system.

What just days ago looked like a steady decline in oil prices has turned into a volatile race upward, with threats of extreme price spikes looming.

For Canadians, these shifts are more than numbers on a commodities chart. Oil is a major Canadian export, and price swings affect everything from
provincial revenues, especially in Alberta and Saskatchewan, to what you pay at the pump. A sustained spike in global oil prices could also feed inflation, driving up the cost of living across the country.

Until recently, optimism over easing trade tensions between the U.S. and China had analysts projecting oil could fall below US$50 a barrel this year. Brent crude traded at US$66.82, and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) hovered near US$65, with demand growth sluggish, the slowest since the pandemic.

That outlook changed dramatically when Israeli airstrikes on Iranian targets and Tehran’s counterattack, including hits on Israel’s Haifa refinery, sent shockwaves through global markets. Within hours, Brent crude surged to US$74.23, and WTI climbed to US$72.98, despite later paring back overnight gains of over 13 per cent. The conflict abruptly reversed the market outlook and reintroduced a risk premium amid fears of disruption in the world’s critical oil-producing region.

Amid mounting tensions, attention has turned to the Strait of Hormuz—the narrow waterway between Iran and Oman through which nearly 20 per cent of the world’s oil ows, including supplies that inuence global and
Canadian fuel prices. While Iran has not yet signalled a closure, the possibility
remains, with catastrophic implications for supply and prices if it occurs.

Analysts have adjusted forecasts accordingly. JPMorgan warns oil could hit US$120 to US$130 per barrel in a worst-case scenario involving military conflict and a disruption of shipments through the strait. Goldman Sachs estimates Brent could temporarily spike above US$90 due to a potential loss of 1.75 million barrels per day of Iranian supply over six months, partially offset by increased OPEC+ output. In a note published Friday morning, Goldman Sachs analysts Daan Struyven and his team wrote: “We estimate that Brent jumps to a peak just over US$90 a barrel but declines back to the US$60s in 2026 as Iran supply recovers. Based on our prior analysis, we estimate that oil prices may exceed US$100 a barrel in an extreme tail scenario of an extended disruption.”

Iraq’s foreign minister, Fuad Hussein, has issued a more dire warning: “The Strait of Hormuz might be closed due to the Israel-Iran confrontation, and the world markets could lose millions of barrels of oil per day in supplies. This could result in a price increase of between US$200 and US$300 per barrel.”

During a call with German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul, Hussein added: “If military operations between Iran and Israel continue, the global market will lose approximately five million barrels per day produced by Iraq and the Gulf states.”

Such a supply shock would worsen inflation, strain economies, and hurt both exporters and importers, including vulnerable countries like Iraq.

Despite some analysts holding to base-case forecasts in the low to mid-US$60s for 2025, that optimism now looks fragile. The oil market is being held hostage by geopolitics, sidelining fundamentals.

What happens next depends on whether the region plunges deeper into conflict or pulls back. But for now, one thing is clear: the calm is over, and oil is once again at the mercy of war.

Toronto-based Rashid Husain Syed is a highly regarded analyst specializing in energy and politics, particularly in the Middle East. In addition to his contributions to local and international newspapers, Rashid frequently lends his expertise as a speaker at global conferences. Organizations such as the Department of Energy in Washington and the International Energy Agency in Paris have sought his insights on global energy matters.

Troy Media empowers Canadian community news outlets by providing independent, insightful analysis and commentary. Our mission is to support local media in helping Canadians stay informed and engaged by delivering reliable content that strengthens community connections and deepens understanding across the country.

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